Writer - playwright, journalist, public figure Jalil Mammadguluzadeh was born on February 10, 1869 in Nakhchivan. He received his primary education first in the mollakhana, then in the Nakhchivan city school. He graduated from the Transcaucasian Teachers' Seminary (Gori) on June 7, 1887, and for some time taught in the villages of the Iravan province (1887-1897). He also wrote the allegorical play "Tea set" (1889), the first known work of art, and the story "Stories of Danabash village" (published in 1894-1936). He married for the first time in 1896. His daughter Munavvar was born in 1897, his wife Halima khanum died.
In the summer of 1895 he went to Moscow and St. Petersburg, where he got acquainted with the cultural life of these cities. From 1904 he worked in the editorial office of the "Sharq-Rus" newspaper published in Tbilissi (Georgia). The Sharqi-Rus newspaper and its editor M.Shahtakhtli played an important role in Jalil Mammadguluzadeh's development as a writer and journalist. On November 12, 1903, he wrote The Mailbox, which was published in 1904 in the Eastern Russian newspaper. was published.
From November 1904, Jalil Mammadguluzadeh was the temporary editor of the "Sharqi-Rus" newspaper. When "East-Russia" was closed in early 1905, Jalil Mammadguluzadeh, together with journalist Omar Faig Nemanzadeh and enlightened merchant M.Bagirzadeh, bought the printing house of this newspaper and named it "Zeal". In the same year, Jalil Mammadguluzadeh opened a school and boarding school for Azerbaijani children in Tbilisi.
On April 7, 1906, the first issue of "Molla Nasreddin" magazine was published in Tbilissi (Georgia). was published.
Starting the publication of "Molla Nasreddin" magazine, Jalil Mammadguluzadeh laid the foundation of satirical journalism in Azerbaijan, as well as in the Middle East. Since then, Jalil Mammadguluzadeh became known as "Molla Nasreddin". Ö.F. Writers such as Nemanzadeh, MASabir, A.Hagverdiyev, A.Nazmi, A.Gamkusar and the artist who drew the first issues of the magazine O.Shmerling, J.Rotter, A.Azimzadeh and others. and Jalil Mammadguluzadeh established strong ideological and creative ties. The deep ideas of democracy and freedom promoted in the magazine gained the love of the people and a great reputation in the international arena. The Mollan Nasreddinists established a powerful press school in the Middle East called the Molla Nasreddin School. Along with Russia, the magazine had subscribers in a number of countries in Asia, Europe and America.
Jalil Mammadguluzadeh's rich artistic heritage and his magazine "Molla Nasreddin" had a strong influence on the development of literary and social thought, the revolutionary-democratic movement in the Middle East, especially in Iran and Turkey.
On June 15, 1907, Hamida khanum married Ahmadbey gizi Javanshir and their sons Midhat and Anvar were born.
Jalil Mammadguluzadeh's work is innovative and democratic in terms of art. He enriched Azerbaijani literature not only in content but also in form with his journalism, prose and drama. Jalil Mammadguluzadeh is an incomparable master of the short story genre. His best stories are among the perfect examples of world literature in terms of reflecting very important social issues in a very concise and skillful way.
Jalil Mammadguluzadeh was the editor of "Yeni Yol" newspaper, a member of the All-Union Central Committee of the New Alphabet, one of the organizers of the Baku Free Criticism and Propaganda Theater, "Education and Culture", "New Village", "Eastern Woman" and others. worked in the media.
His stories such as "Mailbox", "Master Zeynal", "Freedom in Iran", "Gurbanali Bey", the famous comedy "Dead" have a glorious place in the history of Azerbaijani realism and satire. The problems of national consciousness ("My mother's book", 1919), school education, and public education in general ("School of Danabash village", 1921) were widely covered in his work. In the play "Crazy Meeting" (published in 1936, staged in 1977), feudal-patriarchal relations, religion and fanaticism were sharply criticized. Jalil Mammadguluzadeh's realism has a great power of artistic generalization and typification. He died on January 4, 1932 in the city of Baku. His grave is in the Alley of Honors.
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