Fig (lat. Fícus cárica) or fig tree is a subtropical deciduous plant belonging to the mulberry family (Moraceae), found in many parts of the world. There are two main types of figs in Azerbaijan. One of them is called cultivated figs. Cultivated in some regions of the republic, this type of fig has fragrant, sweet, flat pear-like, yellow fruits. The other is the Hirkan fig, which is wild in the Lankaran zone. Although Hirkan figs are pear-shaped, they are dark blue in color. The "Yellow Morning" or "Yellow Fig" variety grown in the Absheron region is especially popular. It has a thin skin and yellow fruits with a pleasant aroma and sweet taste.
The fig season is mainly summer and autumn. The color of fresh figs can be different (from yellow to dark blue). Fragrant figs are distinguished by both freshness and taste. Figs are also widely used in the food industry. It is used to make jam, compote, jam, syrup.
The skin of the fig is very delicate and tasty. Crushed or damaged fruit begins to spoil quickly. In addition, ripe fruit ripens very quickly and is fermented. Therefore, figs do not stay in the room for more than a day. However, ripe figs can be stored in the refrigerator at a temperature of + 2o C to + 4o C for up to 10 days.
Figs are rich in a variety of nutrients that are important for the human body. It contains vitamins, minerals, amino acids, antioxidants, dietary fiber and other elements. 100 grams of fresh figs contain 232 mg of Potassium, 35 mg of Calcium, 17 mg of Magnesium, 0.4 grams of Iron.
As it is rich in calcium, figs are very useful in bone diseases and developmental disorders. Phenol, Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids in dried figs reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Copper is involved in a number of bodily processes, including metabolism and energy production, and the formation of blood cells, connective tissues, and neurotransmitters. Vitamin B6 is the main substance needed for the body to break down dietary protein and create new proteins.
As it is rich in dietary fiber, figs are considered to be the best natural remedy for normalizing the work of the gastrointestinal tract and removing toxins. Fiber concentrations help maintain healthy, regular bowel function and prevent constipation. Fiber also eliminates diarrhea and irregular bowel movements. Especially dried figs help relieve constipation. It should be noted that dried figs are distinguished from other dried fruits by their high nutritional value. 100 grams of dried figs contain 680 mg of Potassium, 162 mg of Calcium, 68 mg of Magnesium and 2 mg of Iron. Dried figs can raise blood sugar levels in a short time due to their high sugar content. For this reason, people suffering from diabetes are advised to limit the intake of dried figs.
The article was prepared by Nargiz Azizova, a specialist of the Quality Management Department of the Quality Control Department of the Azerbaijan Food Safety Institute.
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