Alimlər yeni növ koronavirus infeksiyasının quruluşu barədə hər gün yeni məlumat öyrənir və onu dünya ictimaiyyəti ilə paylaşır. Mütəxəssislər istisna etmir ki, COVID-19-a yoluxan xəstələr sağaldıqdan sonra da infeksiyanın sonrakı fəsadları ilə qarşılaşır.
Qadin.Net publika.az-a istinad oxucuları koronavirusun insan sağlamlığına verdiyi fəsadlarla tanış edir.
Ürək
Amerikalı həkimlər COVID-19-un təkcə insanın ağciyərlərinə deyil, digər orqanlarına da təsir etdiyini müəyyən edib. Luiziana Universitetinin patoloji tədqiqatlar üzrə direktoru Riçard Vander Hayde bildirib ki, ağır infeksiya formasından ürək əziyyət çəkməyə başlayır. Tədqiqatçılar koronavirusdan ölən bir neçə xəstədə ürək hüceyrələrinin müəyyən hissələrinin ölümünü aşkarlayıb ki, bu da gələcəkdə orqanizmdə ciddi xəstəliklərə səbəb ola bilərdi.
Alimlər koronavirus hissəciklərinin toxumanın özündə yığılmadan ürək əzələsindən sərbəst keçə biləcəyinə inanırlar. Həkimlərin fikrincə, qısamüddətli əlaqə sitokin fırtınasına səbəb ola bilər. Bundan əlavə, qan damar hüceyrələrində COVID-19 hissəcikləri də tapılmışdı. Həkimlər koronavirusdan sonra ürək xəstəliyinin ağırlaşmalarının əvvəllər müalicə olunan və ya damar xəstəliyi olan hipertoniyaya meylli insanlarda baş verə biləcəyini vurğulayıb.
Kardioloqlar qeyd edir ki, koronavirusun ürək əzələsinə təsiri hələ düzgün öyrənilməyib. Ancaq ağır infeksiya formaları artıq zəifləmiş orqanizmi “yükləyir”, buna görə də sağalandan dərhal sonra həkimlər ürək əzələlərinin iltihabı, aritmiya və infarktın qarşısını almaq üçün testlər aparmağı məsləhət görürlər.
T hüceyrələri
ABŞ və Sinqapur alimləri COVID-19 olan xəstələrdə hüceyrə immunitetinin təbiətini öyrənərək gözlənilməz nəticəyə gəlib: insan orqanizmində “yoluxucu yaddaş” olan T hüceyrələrini tapıblar. İnsan bədənində T hüceyrələrinin aşkarlanması xəstələnmiş insanlarda (asimptomatik olanlar da daxil olmaqla) patogenə qarşı müqavimətin illərlə davam edə bilməsi deməkdir.
Maraqlıdır ki, tədqiqat çərçivəsində alimlər T-hüceyrə immunitetini yalnız COVID-19 və SARS (atipik pnevmoniya) xəstəliyindən qurtulmuş insanlarda deyil, həm də əvvəllər xəstə olmayan sağlam insanlarda aşkar edib. Tədqiqatçılar qeyd edirlər ki, yaxın gələcəkdə peyvənd olmasa da, ağır koronavirus infeksiyası olan xəstələrin müalicəsini sürətləndirəcək genetik material əsasında “antiviral kokteyl” yaratmaq mümkün olacaq. Alimlərin fikrincə, vaksin və “antiviral kokteyl”in istifadəsi müalicə kursunu demək olar ki, yarıya endirəcək və uzunmüddətli perspektivdə həkimləri xəstəliyin ağır formaları ilə mübarizədən demək olar ki, tamamilə xilas edə bilər.
Brain
Although the structure of the coronavirus is already well studied, almost nothing is known about its effects on the central nervous system and the brain. In Europe and China, where the most infected people live, many patients are said to have the virus penetrate directly into the brain and cause a number of complications. These include many problems, from muscle spasms to sleep disorders, migraines and increased intracranial pressure.
One of the most unpleasant features of the coronavirus is its ability to cause encephalitis (inflammation of the brain, a group of infectious diseases caused by the transfer of pathogens to the brain), which is very difficult to detect in the early stages. Several cases of coronavirus encephalitis have been reported in China, and a 58-year-old man with a chronic illness has been diagnosed with encephalitis. MRI of the patient's brain did not reveal any abnormalities, but tests showed a new type of coronavirus in the cerebrospinal fluid. Researchers believe that due to the simultaneous development of viral encephalitis with COVID-19, the coronavirus can in one way or another enter the central nervous system and become infected.
Liver
The highest mortality rate of COVID-19 was recorded not only in cancer patients, but also in those with chronic liver disease. Researchers at the University of Oxford and the University of North Carolina in the United States have concluded that many liver diseases, including hepatosis and viral hepatitis, can increase the risk of death long before coronavirus therapy begins.
Researchers estimate that the overall mortality rate in patients with cirrhosis and chronic liver disease is 40 percent higher than in those with healthy gastrointestinal organs. At the same time, scientists note that patients with severe forms of liver disease enter the "terminal stage". This can result in the infected liver literally collapsing into the abdominal cavity. In this case, the risk of blood poisoning and death is high. Therefore, to reduce the risk of death, scientists advise to drink less alcohol or not on holidays.
A similar clinical situation applies to the kidneys. Russia's chief nephrologist, Yevgeny Silov, said in May 2020 that SARS-CoV-2 infection posed a very high risk to life for people with chronic kidney disease.
Silov noted that people with chronic kidney disease are at high risk of COVID-19 infection and death. The effects of the virus on the body are exacerbated during diabetes, hypertension, obesity, chronic kidney disease, atherosclerosis. Silov also said that chronic patients with COVID-19 develop kidney failure and increase the need for dialysis.
However, the main discovery related to changes in the health of a person recovering from COVID-19 belongs to German scientists. Geneticists and biologists at the University Hospital of Hamburg-Eppendorf have found that testosterone levels are low in the vast majority of patients diagnosed with COVID-19. In clinical trials, researchers have found that coronavirus infection can affect not only heart function but also male sex hormones. According to them, coronavirus significantly reduces immunity and disrupts hormones, and if the infection is not treated or not treated properly, sexual weakness can even turn into infertility.
In addition, scientists from Germany and France have detected a coronavirus in male sperm. Now geneticists and scientists are investigating whether male sperm affected by the new type of virus can affect future children.
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